Toyota RAV4 провалил новый краш-тест IIHS
Страховой институт безопасности дорожного движения США решил проверить, насколько симметричны современные автомобили с точки зрения пассивной безопасности. Впервые в истории фронтальный удар о жесткий барьер с малым перекрытием проводился со стороны переднего пассажира.
Фронтальный удар с малым перекрытием – коронный номер в программе испытаний IIHS, с которым до сих пор справляются не все новые автомобили. Тем не менее за четыре года, что существует этот краш-тест, большинство производителей успешно адаптировали к нему свои машины. В связи с этим эксперты IIHS решили узнать, насколько «точечно» проходит такая адаптация, ведь все эти годы удар на скорости 64 км/ч о жесткий барьер со скругленной кромкой проводился со стороны водителя, левым передним углом машины. Что будет, если провести точно такой же удар, но со стороны пассажира? Чтобы получить ответ на этот вопрос, испытатели разбили с обеих сторон семь популярных в Америке кроссоверов, прежде получивших отличные оценки за краш-тест с малым перекрытием со стороны водителя: Buick Encore (клон Opel Mokka), Honda CR-V, Hyundai Tucson, Mazda CX-5, Nissan Rogue (в России известен как X-Trail), Subaru Forester и Toyota RAV4 .
Результаты получены поразительные: полностью симметричным оказался только один автомобиль – корейский Hyundai Tucson.
Более-менее равную с водителем защиту переднему пассажиру обеспечивают Buick Encore, Honda CR-V и Mazda CX-5, хотя пассажир все-таки защищен чуть хуже.
У кроссоверов Subaru Forester и Nissan Rogue правая сторона кузова деформировалась ощутимо сильнее левой, но этим моделям все же удалось получить за удар пассажирской стороной зачетную оценку marginal (на грани допустимого).
А вот Toyota RAV4, второй по популярности кроссовер в США по итогам продаж прошлого года (на первом месте – Honda CR-V), за тест на симметрию получил «неуд.», то есть оценку poor (плохо). Взгляните на представленную ниже иллюстрацию: правая стойка сместилась в салон на 330 мм глубже, чем левая!
Из-за сильной деформации кузова ноги манекена-пассажира оказались зажатыми между подушкой кресла и передней панелью – риск получения травм очень велик. Вдобавок у машины в результате удара открылась передняя правая дверь – если, не дай бог, этим авария не ограничится и машина перевернется на бок, пассажир может получить дополнительные увечья.
Кстати, у Nissan Rogue правая дверь в этом тесте вообще сорвалась с петель, но передняя стойка ушла в салон не так сильно, как у Тойоты, что и позволило Ниссану получить более высокую оценку.
Поскольку итоги «пассажирских» фронтальных краш-тестов с малым перекрытием сильно огорчили экспертов IIHS, выявив несимметричность большинства участников, то было принято решение со следующего года включить удар правым передним углом машины в стандартную программу испытаний. Надеемся, к тому времени производители успеют доработать свои автомобили и обеспечат водителю и переднему пассажиру равную защиту.
Напоследок приводим видеоролики «пассажирских» краш-тестов всех семи кроссоверов.
2023 Toyota RAV4 Prime
Some ratings use a scale of Poor to Good. Others range from Basic to Superior.
- Small overlap front: driver-side
- Small overlap front: passenger-side
- Moderate overlap front: original test
- Side: original test
- Side: updated test
- Roof strength
- Head restraints & seats
- Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle
- Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-pedestrian (day)
- Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-pedestrian (night)
- Headlights
- Child seat anchors
Small overlap front: driver-side
Rating applies to 2021-23 models
Tested vehicle: 2021 Toyota RAV4 Prime SE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 Prime, a plug-in hybrid variant of the Toyota RAV4, was introduced in the 2021 model year. Driver-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2021 RAV4 Prime conducted by Toyota as part of frontal crash test verification.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTN2008 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 5 |
| Footrest (cm) | 3 |
| Left toepan (cm) | 3 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 2 |
| Parking brake (cm) | |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 1 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Steering column | 2 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 4 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 4 |
| Lower instrument panel (cm) | 6 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTN2008 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 110 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.2 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 9 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.25 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 21 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 1.3 |
| Right | 0.9 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 2 |
| Right | 1 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.53 |
| Right | 0.48 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 2.2 |
| Right | 2.5 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 41 |
| Right | 46 |
Small overlap front: passenger-side
Rating applies to 2021-23 models
Tested vehicle: 2021 Toyota Rav4 Prime SE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 Prime, a plug-in hybrid variant of the Toyota RAV4, was introduced in the 2021 model year. Passenger-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2021 RAV4 Prime conducted by Toyota as part of frontal crash test verification.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side
| Test ID | VTP2008 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 7 |
| Footrest (cm) | 4 |
| Right toepan (cm) | 4 |
| Center toepan (cm) | 3 |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 1 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Center dash (cm) | 2 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 7 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 5 |
| Right lower dash (cm) | 5 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | VTP2008 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 86 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.9 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 23 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.29 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 19 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 1.8 |
| Right | 2.6 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 5 |
| Right | 2 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.43 |
| Right | 0.41 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 1.5 |
| Right | 0.7 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 92 |
| Right | 65 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTP2008 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 53 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 0.9 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 9 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.18 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 25 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.9 |
| Right | 0.5 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 2 |
| Right | 2 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.34 |
| Right | 0.27 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 1.0 |
| Right | 1.1 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 46 |
| Right | 64 |
Moderate overlap front: original test
Rating applies to 2021-23 models
Tested vehicle: 2021 Toyota RAV4 Prime SE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 Prime, a plug-in hybrid variant of the Toyota RAV4, was introduced in the 2021 model year. Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2021 RAV4 Prime conducted by Toyota as part of frontal crash test verification.
2021 Toyota RAV4
Some ratings use a scale of Poor to Good. Others range from Basic to Superior.
- Small overlap front: driver-side
- Small overlap front: passenger-side
- Moderate overlap front: original test
- Moderate overlap front: updated test
- Side: original test
- Side: updated test
- Roof strength
- Head restraints & seats
- Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle
- Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-pedestrian (day)
- Headlights
- Seat belt reminders
- Child seat anchors
Small overlap front: driver-side
Rating applies to 2019-23 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 XLE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. Driver-side small overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2019 RAV4 conducted by Toyota as part of frontal crash test verification.
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on driver side
| Test ID | VTN1819 |
|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | |
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 2 |
| Footrest (cm) | 2 |
| Left toepan (cm) | 3 |
| Brake pedal (cm) | 3 |
| Parking brake (cm) | |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 2 |
| Upper occupant compartment | |
| Steering column | 1 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 1 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 2 |
| Lower instrument panel (cm) | 2 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTN1819 |
|---|---|
| Head | |
| HIC-15 | 293 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact |
| Neck | |
| Tension (kN) | 1.3 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 10 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.26 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 25 |
| Femur (kN) | |
| Left | 0.8 |
| Right | 0.8 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | |
| Left | 1 |
| Right | 2 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | |
| Left | 0 |
| Right | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | |
| Left | 0.63 |
| Right | 0.36 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | |
| Left | 2.4 |
| Right | 2.2 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | |
| Left | 82 |
| Right | 38 |
Small overlap front: passenger-side
Rating applies to 2019-23 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 LE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. Two passenger-side small overlap frontal tests of the RAV4 were conducted, one by the Institute and the other by Toyota as part of frontal crash test verification. Ratings are based on both tests, but the vehicle specifications shown below are based on the Institute’s test.
Action shot taken during the Institute’s passenger-side small overlap frontal crash test.
The dummy’s position in relation to the door frame and dashboard after the crash test indicates that the passenger’s survival space was maintained very well (Institute test car shown).
The frontal and side curtain airbags worked well together to keep the head from coming close to any stiff structure or outside objects that could cause injury (Institute test shown).
The passenger’s space was maintained well in both tests, and in the Institute’s test, risk of injuries to the dummy’s legs and feet was low. (Risk of injury to the left lower leg was moderate in Toyota’s test).
Measures of occupant compartment intrusion on passenger side
| Test ID | VTP1835 | CEP1902 |
|---|---|---|
| Lower occupant compartment | ||
| Lower hinge pillar max (cm) | 5 | 6 |
| Footrest (cm) | 4 | 5 |
| Right toepan (cm) | 6 | 2 |
| Center toepan (cm) | 5 | 0 |
| Rocker panel lateral average (cm) | 2 | 1 |
| Upper occupant compartment | ||
| Center dash (cm) | 1 | 2 |
| Upper hinge pillar max (cm) | 6 | 3 |
| Upper dash (cm) | 5 | 4 |
| Right lower dash (cm) | 5 | 4 |
Passenger injury measures
| Test ID | VTP1835 | CEP1902 |
|---|---|---|
| Head | ||
| HIC-15 | 216 | 221 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact | no contact |
| Neck | ||
| Tension (kN) | 1.9 | 1.8 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 21 | 17 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.37 | 0.38 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 23 | 22 |
| Femur (kN) | ||
| Left | 1.7 | 2.0 |
| Right | 3.4 | 1.9 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | ||
| Left | 8 | 6 |
| Right | 5 | 3 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | ||
| Left | 0 | 0 |
| Right | 0 | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | ||
| Left | 0.86 | 0.52 |
| Right | 0.46 | 0.49 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | ||
| Left | 3.0 | 2.3 |
| Right | 1.7 | 2.4 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | ||
| Left | 98 | 60 |
| Right | 58 | 75 |
Driver injury measures
| Test ID | VTP1835 | CEP1902 |
|---|---|---|
| Head | ||
| HIC-15 | 125 | 184 |
| Peak gs at hard contact | no contact | no contact |
| Neck | ||
| Tension (kN) | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Extension bending moment (Nm) | 10 | 11 |
| Maximum Nij | 0.19 | 0.20 |
| Chest maximum compression (mm) | 32 | 30 |
| Femur (kN) | ||
| Left | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Right | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Knee displacement (mm) | ||
| Left | 1 | 1 |
| Right | 2 | 1 |
| Knee-thigh-hip injury risk (%) | ||
| Left | 0 | 0 |
| Right | 0 | 0 |
| Maximum tibia index | ||
| Left | 0.40 | 0.27 |
| Right | 0.34 | 0.19 |
| Tibia axial force (kN) | ||
| Left | 1.8 | 1.0 |
| Right | 2.1 | 0.9 |
| Foot acceleration (g) | ||
| Left | 33 | 27 |
| Right | 75 | 39 |
Moderate overlap front: original test
Rating applies to 2019-23 models
Tested vehicle: 2019 Toyota RAV4 XLE 4-door 4wd
The Toyota RAV4 was redesigned for the 2019 model year. The Toyota Venza was re-introduced to the market as a small SUV in the 2021 model year and shares the same platform as the RAV4. Moderate overlap frontal ratings are assigned by the Institute based on a test of a 2019 RAV4 conducted by Toyota as part of frontal crash test verification.